Validation and Automatic Compliance Monitoring

Automatic Compliance Monitoring

We applied various big data resources for automated compliance monitoring, focusing on two types of compliance rules: distance-based and technology-based.

Distance-Based Compliance Analysis

Using OpenStreetMap data across 13 categories, our analysis revealed that 70% of brick kilns violate at least one rule. The government regulations require:

• Minimum 800 meters distance from residential areas and fruit orchards
• Minimum 1 km distance between two brick kilns
• Specific setbacks from schools, hospitals, highways, and water bodies

Table 5: Automatic compliance detection of brick kilns in various states More than 70% of brick kilns violate at least one compliance rule. ‘-’ indicates policy not defined for that state.

Technology-Based Compliance

For technology-based compliance, we examined trends in brick kiln technologies over 12 years between 2017 and 2021. Our findings indicate:

• Gradual adoption of cleaner Zigzag kiln technology
• Regional variations in technology compliance
• Policy impact on technology upgrades in Delhi airshed

Population Impact Analysis

Our analysis determined that 30.66 million people live within 800 meters of brick kilns, violating central government regulations. This highlights the significant population exposure to brick kiln emissions.

Air Quality Impact

Our findings indicate that brick kilns contribute approximately 8% to PM₂.₅ concentrations in Delhi. This substantial contribution underscores the need for effective compliance monitoring and enforcement.

Policy Implications

The compliance analysis supports:

• Targeted enforcement in high-violation areas
• Technology upgrade incentives for non-compliant kilns
• Enhanced monitoring of population exposure
• Evidence-based policy refinement and implementation